PD-L1, fibrosis, and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: the importance of a scientific method to explore observations and answer questions

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy. fabio.grizzi@humanitasresearch.it.
• ² Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy.
• ³ Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
• ⁴ Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX, USA.
• ⁵ Kiromic Biopharma, Inc., Houston, TX, USA.