Techno-biofunctionality of mangostin extract-loaded virgin coconut oil nanoemulsion and nanoemulgel

PLoS One. 2020 Jan 29;15(1):e0227979. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227979. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

Techno-biofunctional characteristics of nanoemulsion and (nano)emulgel loaded with mangostin extracts were elucidated. Crude mangostins from mangosteen peels recovered by virgin coconut oil (VCO), mixed VCO and propylene glycol (PG), and pure PG were used. The extracts were loaded in the dispersed phase in the presence of mixed surfactants (Tween20/Span20) with a varying hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) from 10.2 to 15.1. Results showed that globular and uniformly distributed droplets of the nanoemulsion were observed. The small particle sizes (typically 18-62 nm) with the zeta potential of -39 to -54.5 mV were obtained when mixed emulsifiers with HLB values of 12.6 and 15.1 were employed. With HLB values of 12.6 and 15.1, nanoemulsions loaded with mangostin extracts prepared with mixed VCO-PG and pure PG-based extracts showed approximately a 2 to 3-fold lower droplet size diameter when compared with the VCO-based extract. For the stability test, all nanoemulsions were stable over three freeze-thaw cycles with some changes in pH, zeta potential, and droplet size. The DPPH● scavenging activity, H2O2 scavenging activity, reducing power and antibacterial activities (E. coli and S. aureus) of the nanoemulsions were greater than their corresponding bulk extracts. Nanoemulgels produced by embedding the nanoemulsions in a hydrogel matrix was homogeneous and creamy yellow-white in appearance. The nanoemulgels had a higher mangostin release (87-92%) than their normal emulgels (74-78%). Therefore, this study presented the feasibility of nanoemulsions and nanoemulgels loaded with mangostin extracts as a promising delivery system for bioactive polyphenol in food supplements, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemistry*
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Biphenyl Compounds / chemistry
  • Biphenyl Compounds / pharmacology
  • Coconut Oil / chemistry
  • Emulsions / chemistry
  • Emulsions / pharmacology
  • Escherichia coli / drug effects
  • Escherichia coli / pathogenicity
  • Free Radical Scavengers / chemistry
  • Hydrogen Peroxide / chemistry
  • Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions / drug effects
  • Nanoparticles / chemistry*
  • Picrates / chemistry
  • Picrates / pharmacology
  • Plant Extracts / chemistry
  • Plant Extracts / pharmacology*
  • Propylene Glycol / chemistry
  • Staphylococcus aureus / drug effects
  • Staphylococcus aureus / pathogenicity
  • Xanthones / chemistry*
  • Xanthones / pharmacology

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Biphenyl Compounds
  • Emulsions
  • Free Radical Scavengers
  • Picrates
  • Plant Extracts
  • Xanthones
  • Propylene Glycol
  • Hydrogen Peroxide
  • 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
  • Coconut Oil
  • mangostin

Grants and funding

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial supports from Walailak University (Grant No. 22/2562) and Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University to CS. This research was partially supported by the New Strategic Research (P2P) project, Walailak University, Thailand to WP.