Relationship of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference With Risk of New-Onset Proteinuria in Hypertensive Patients

Abstract

Context: The association of the combination of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with the risk of proteinuria has previously not been comprehensively investigated and results have been inconclusive.

Objective: To examine BMI and WC in relation to new-onset proteinuria in Chinese hypertensive patients.

Design and setting: Post hoc analysis of the renal substudy of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT).

Patients: 10 805 hypertensive patients without proteinuria at baseline.

Main outcome measure: The primary outcome was new-onset proteinuria, defined as a urine dipstick protein reading ≥ 1 + at the exit visit, after a median follow-up duration of 4.4 years.

Results: When analyzed separately, increased BMI (≥ 28 kg/m2, quartile 4; odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.72), or increased WC (≥ 91cm for females, quartile 4; OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.01-1.80; and ≥ 79 cm for males, quartile 2-4; OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.03-2.50) were each significantly associated with higher risk of new-onset proteinuria. When analyzed jointly, participants without increased BMI and increased WC had the lowest risk, while those with both increased BMI and increased WC had the highest risk of proteinuria (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.21-2.13). Notably, participants with only increased WC also had significantly increased risk of proteinuria (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.04-1.85).

Conclusion: In Chinese hypertensive patients, increased BMI and increased WC were individually and jointly associated with a higher risk of new-onset proteinuria, underscoring the value of monitoring both BMI and WC in assessing proteinuria risk.

Keywords: BMI; hypertensive patients; new-onset proteinuria; waist circumference.