Slow your role: How slowing clozapine titration can prevent recurrent NMS

Abstract

Ms. D. was a 57-year-old Caucasian female with a past psychiatric history of schizoaffective disorder bipolar type and unspecified anxiety disorder. She presented to the psychiatric unit with cognitive blunting, poverty of thought content, looseness of associations, and inability to respond to questions with meaningful responses. In addition, the patient presented with medical symptoms including rigidity, acute rhabdomyolysis, and elevated liver function tests (LFTs). She was transferred to the inpatient medical unit for stabilization. After acute stabilization, she was transferred back to the psychiatric unit for treatment. A thorough review of the patient's history revealed she had prior episodes of atypical NMS with trials of multiple typical and atypical antipsychotics at therapeutic doses and with clinically appropriate titration schedules. These trials included clozapine, which is known to have decreased likelihood of NMS symptoms. The patient was stabilized during admission, but later decompensated and required re-admission in the months following. At that time, clozapine was reinstituted at very low doses and with a slower titration schedule. This approach was successful in ameliorating the patient's symptoms and without recurrence of NMS. In this case report, we discuss the importance of identifying atypical NMS in patients treated with typical and atypical antipsychotics, and propose that successful treatment of these patients may be possible with slower and gradual titration of clozapine.

Keywords: Antipsychotics; Clozapine; Dose titration; NMS; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome.