Poly(cyclodextrin-ionic liquid) based ferrofluid: A new class of magnetic colloid for dispersive liquid phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from food samples prior to GC-FID analysis

Boon Yih Hui; Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain; Sharifah Mohamad; Puttaruksa Varanusupakul; Hasnah Osman; Muggundha Raoov

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126214

Poly(cyclodextrin-ionic liquid) based ferrofluid: A new class of magnetic colloid for dispersive liquid phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from food samples prior to GC-FID analysis

Food Chem. 2020 Jun 1:314:126214. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126214. Epub 2020 Jan 14.

Authors

Boon Yih Hui¹, Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain², Sharifah Mohamad³, Puttaruksa Varanusupakul⁴, Hasnah Osman⁵, Muggundha Raoov⁶

Affiliations

¹ Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 13200, Malaysia. Electronic address: boonyihhui@hotmail.com.
² Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 13200, Malaysia. Electronic address: nurnadhirah@usm.my.
³ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Universiti Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Electronic address: sharifahm@um.edu.my.
⁴ Chemical Approaches for Food Applications Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. Electronic address: puttaruksa.w@chula.ac.th.
⁵ School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Electronic address: ohasnah@usm.my.
⁶ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Universiti Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Electronic address: muggundha@um.edu.my.

PMID: 31972404
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126214

Abstract

Poly(β-cyclodextrin-ionic liquid) grafted magnetic nanoparticles combined with 1-octanol as supramolecular solvents (SUPRASs) presenting new ferrofluid was developed and successfully applied in the dispersive liquid-phase microextraction of seven representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. One variable at-a-time (OVAT) analysis and response surface methodology (RSM) were used for efficient optimization of the main variables. The calibration curves were found to be linear in the range of 0.1-150 ng mL^-1 with correlation of determinations (R²) ranging from 0.9944 to 0.9986. Detection limits ranged at 0.02-0.07 ng mL^-1 for all studied PAHs. The intra and inter-day precision values (RSD %) were in the range of 1.80%-7.56% and 2.97%-8.23%, respectively. The ferrofluid showed a satisfactory reproducibility between 1.72% and 5.90%, and acceptable recovery values at 84%-110% were obtained for the real samples analysis. The optimized method was successfully applied to access the content safety of the PAHs studied in a variety of commercial food and beverages available in Malaysia.

Keywords: Acenapthalene (PubChem CID: 9161); Benz[a]anthracene (PubChem CID: 5954); Benzo[a]pyrene (PubChem CID: 2336); Box-Behnken design; Ferrofluid; Fluoranthene (PubChem CID: 9154); Fluorene (PubChem CID: 6853); Gas chromatography-flame ionization detector; Phenanthrene (PubChem CID: 995); Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Pyrene (PubChem CID: 31423); Supramolecular solvents.

MeSH terms

Chromatography, Gas
Colloids
Ionic Liquids
Limit of Detection
Liquid Phase Microextraction
Magnetic Phenomena
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / analysis*
Reproducibility of Results
beta-Cyclodextrins / chemistry*

Substances

Colloids
Ionic Liquids
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
beta-Cyclodextrins
betadex