The protozoan pathogen Toxoplasma gondii co-opts host immunity by secreting various effector proteins into host cells. In this issue of JEM, Chen et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20181757) report that T. gondii injects an effector called ROP16 without invasion to polarize macrophages toward M2 cells.
© 2020 Sasai and Yamamoto.