Impact and Effectiveness of Legislative Smoking Bans and Anti-Tobacco Media Campaigns in Reducing Smoking among Women in the US: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Yelena Bird; Ladan Kashaniamin; Chijioke Nwankwo; John Moraros

doi:10.3390/healthcare8010020

Impact and Effectiveness of Legislative Smoking Bans and Anti-Tobacco Media Campaigns in Reducing Smoking among Women in the US: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Healthcare (Basel). 2020 Jan 16;8(1):20. doi: 10.3390/healthcare8010020.

Authors

Yelena Bird¹, Ladan Kashaniamin², Chijioke Nwankwo³, John Moraros⁴

Affiliations

¹ Director iCAN Research Group, Brandon, MB R7A 0V6, Canada.
² Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
³ School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
⁴ Faculty of Health Studies, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada.

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study is to systematically review the literature addressing the effectiveness of legislative smoking bans and anti-tobacco media campaigns in reducing smoking among women.

Methods: MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and ABI/INFORM were searched for studies published from 2005 onwards. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model and subgroup analysis on pre-selected characteristics.

Results: In total, 652 articles were identified, and five studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. The studies varied from school-based to workplace settings and had a total of 800,573 women participants, aged 12 to 64 years old. Three studies used legislative bans, one study used anti-tobacco campaigns and another one used both as their intervention. The overall pooled effect of the five studies yielded an odds ratio (OR) = 1.137 (C.I. = 0.976-1.298 and I² = 85.6%). Subgroup analysis by intervention revealed a significant pooled estimate for studies using legislative smoking bans OR = 1.280 (C.I. = 1.172-1.389 and I² = 0%).

Conclusion: Legislative smoking bans were found to be associated with a reduction in the smoking rates among women compared to anti-tobacco media campaigns. Further research in this area is needed.

Keywords: anti-tobacco media campaigns; legislative smoking bans; smoking; women.