S100B as a new fecal biomarker of inflammatory bowel diseases

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020 Jan;24(1):323-332. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202001_19929.

Abstract

Objective: S100 proteins are demonstrated to exert a protective role in the gastrointestinal tract. In the present study, we investigated whether S100B protein, that is typically expressed by enteroglial cells, is detectable in feces and could be a useful noninvasive indicator of gut chronic inflammation.

Patients and methods: This clinical prospective study included n=48 patients suffering Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) and non IBD-controls. The clinical disease activity was evaluated using Harvey-Bradshaw or Mayo Score Index while the diagnosis of IBD was defined based on standard endoscopic and histological criteria. S100B and calprotectin were extracted and analyzed using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.

Results: Unlike calprotectin, S100B was significantly decreased in both CD and UC compared to non IBD-patients. The strongest quantitative alterations of S100B were detected concomitantly with signs of active or quiescent disease, including high/normal expression of fecal calprotectin, mucosal damage/cryptitis, mucin depletion and inflammatory infiltrate, as defined by endoscopic evaluation and histological analysis. At the onset of disease and under no Infliximab-based therapy, the lowest was detected suggesting that S100B in feces could have a potential diagnostic value for IBD.

Conclusions: Testing for S100B and calprotectin could be a useful screening tool to better predict IBD activity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Biomarkers / analysis
  • Colitis, Ulcerative / diagnosis*
  • Crohn Disease / diagnosis*
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Feces / chemistry*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prospective Studies
  • S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit / analysis*
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit
  • S100B protein, human