Objective: The establishment of modern medicine in Brazil was marked by the arrival of the Portuguese Court in 1808, when the Bahia and Rio de Janeiro Faculties of Medicine were founded.
Methods: The French School of Medicine exerted a strong influence on Brazilian medicine and on the main pioneers of Brazilian neurology. The elite of "Parisian neurology" trained students and doctors from around the world, and were mentors to the pioneers of Brazilian neurology in the early 20th century.
Conclusion: In this article, the authors review the origins of neurology faculties in Brazilian medicine and the main pioneers of Brazilian neurology.
Results: Neurology is certainly a continuously changing field and has always adapted to new advances and discoveries, and it is an honor for the authors to pay homage to their pioneers.