[Tumors of the thyroid gland. Proposal for the management and study of samples from patients with thyroid neoplasms]

Abstract

The recent changes in the classification and staging of thyroid tumors have arisen from the need to provide an adequate response to the exponential increase of thyroid cancer, which, however, has not been accompanied by an increase in mortality. These changes pretend to reduce overdiagnoses of malignancy, unnecessary treatment, side effects as well as cost for the health system. To this end, this article reviews recommendations for the management of thyroid surgical pathology samples with emphasis on the new terminology of the WHO classification. The basic criteria for the diagnosis of malignancy in well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas are reviewed and the criteria for NIFTP (non-invasive follicular tumor with papillary-like nuclear features) diagnosis are updated. Recommendations for the elaboration of the pathological report are also included.

Keywords: Braf; Capsular invasion; Cáncer de tiroides; Immunohistochemistry; Inmunohistoquímica; Invasión capsular; Invasión vascular; Molecular pathology; Non-invasive follicular tumor with papillary-like nuclear features; Patología molecular; RAS; TERT; TP53; Thyroid cancer; Tumor folicular no invasivo con rasgos nucleares de tipo papilar; Vascular invasion.