Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based biosensors are recognized to be a next generation building block for ultrasensitive and fast biosensing systems. This article starting with a brief history on CNTs provides an overview on the recent expansion of research in the field of CNT-based biosensors. This is followed by the discussion on structure and properties related to CNTs. Furthermore, the basic and some newly developed synthetic methods of CNTs are summarized. In this chapter, we used polyaniline cobalt multiwalled CNTs to immobilize β-galactosidase, by adopting both noncovalent and covalent strategies. Herein, the methodologies of both techniques have been discussed in detail. The η (effectiveness factor) values for nanocomposite bound β-galactosidase by physical adsorption and covalent method were calculated to be 0.93 and 0.97, respectively. The covalently bound β-galactosidase retained 92% activity even after its 10th successive reuse as compared to the adsorbed enzyme which exhibited only 74% of its initial activity. CNT armored enzymes demonstrated remarkably high catalytic stability at both sides of temperature and pH-optima along with easy recovery from the reaction medium which can be utilized in various biotechnological applications. Lastly, the scientific and technological challenges in the field are discussed at the end of this chapter.
Keywords: Biosensor; Immobilization; Multiwalled carbon nanotubes; Reusability; Stability; β-Galactosidase.
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