On-road gaseous and particulate emissions from GDI vehicles with and without gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) using portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS)

Cavan McCaffery; Hanwei Zhu; Chengguo Li; Thomas D Durbin; Kent C Johnson; Heejung Jung; Rasto Brezny; Michael Geller; Georgios Karavalakis

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136366

On-road gaseous and particulate emissions from GDI vehicles with and without gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) using portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS)

Sci Total Environ. 2020 Mar 25:710:136366. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136366. Epub 2019 Dec 30.

Authors

Cavan McCaffery¹, Hanwei Zhu², Chengguo Li³, Thomas D Durbin², Kent C Johnson², Heejung Jung¹, Rasto Brezny⁴, Michael Geller⁴, Georgios Karavalakis⁵

Affiliations

¹ University of California, Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
² University of California, Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
³ University of California, Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507, USA.
⁴ Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association, 2200 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 310, Arlington, VA 22201, USA.
⁵ University of California, Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507, USA; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. Electronic address: gkaraval@cert.ucr.edu.

PMID: 31923692
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136366

Abstract

This study assessed the on-road gaseous and particulate emissions from three current technology gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles using portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS). Two vehicles were also retrofitted with catalyzed gasoline particulate filters (GPFs). All vehicles were exercised over four routes with different topological and environmental characteristics, representing urban, rural, highway, and high-altitude driving conditions. The results showed strong reductions in particulate mass (PM), soot mass, and particle number emissions with the use of GPFs. Particle emissions were found to be highest during urban and high-altitude driving compared to highway driving. The reduction efficiency of the GPFs ranged from 44% to 99% for overall soot mass emissions. Similar efficiencies were found for particle number and PM mass emissions. In most cases, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions showed improvements with the catalyzed GPFs in the underfloor position with the additional catalytic volume. No significant differences were seen in carbon dioxide (CO₂) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions with the vehicles retrofitted with GPFs.

Keywords: Gasoline direct injection; NOx emissions; PEMS; PM emissions; Real-world emissions.