Available methods for detecting blood in the urine (hematuria) can be problematic since results can be influenced by many factors in patients and in the lab settings, resulting in false positive or false negative results. This necessitates the development of new, accurate and easy-access methods that save time and effort. This study demonstrates a label-free and accurate method for detecting the presence of red and white blood cells (RBCs and WBCs) in urine by measuring the changes in the dielectric properties of urine upon increasing concentrations of both cell types. The current method could detect changes in the electrical properties of fresh urine over a short time interval, making this method suitable for detecting changes that cannot be recognized by conventional methods. Correcting for these changes enabled the detection of a minimum cell concentration of 102 RBCs per ml which is not possible by conventional methods used in the labs except for the semi-quantitative method that can detect 50 RBCs per ml, but it is a lengthy and involved procedure, not suitable for high volume labs. This ability to detect very small amount of both types of cells makes the proposed technique an attractive tool for detecting hematuria, the presence of which is indicative of problems in the excretory system.
Keywords: Biomedical devices; Biomedical engineering; Blood cells; Capacitance; Cell biology; Dielectric constant; Electrical engineering; Electrical parameters; Hematuria; Particle physics; Quantum mechanics; System diagnostics; Urine.
© 2019 The Authors.