Objectives: To update the medical literature on recent large-scale studies employing bioinformatics data analysis tools in otitis media (OM) disease models with a principal focus on developments in the past 5 years.
Data sources: Pubmed indexed peer-reviewed articles.
Review methods: Comprehensive review of the literature using the following search terms: 'genomics, inflammasome, microRNA, proteomics, transcriptome, bioinformatics' with the term 'otitis media', and 'middle ear'. Included articles published in the English language from January 1, 2015-April 1, 2019.
Implications for practice: Large scale bioinformatics tools over the past five years lend credence to the paradigm of innate immune response playing a critical role in host defense against bacteria contributing to Otitis Media (OM) progression from acute to chronic. In total, genomic, miRNAomic, and proteomic analyses all point to the need for a tightly regulated innate immune and inflammatory response in the middle ear. Currently, there is an urgent need for developing novel therapeutic strategies to control immunopathology and tissue damage, improve hearing and enhance host defense for both acute and chronic OM based on full understanding of the basic molecular pathogenesis of OM.
Keywords: Bioinformatics; Genomics; Otitis media; Proteomics; Transcriptome; microRNA.
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