Spanish newsreel NO-DO (1943-1975). The diffusion of science as a legitimizing instrument of the Franco regime: polio and other immuno-preventable diseases

Abstract

The official NO-DO newsreels were screened in Spain on a weekly basis from 1943 to 1981. These official news and documentary programmes were compulsory in cinemas from the moment they were first produced until the end of the Francoist dictatorship (1975). NO-DO held an information monopoly and was used as the regime's propaganda tool to indoctrinate the population, building stories tailored to the regime's interests and masking social realities. In this study, we examined newsreels on medical subjects relating to diseases preventable by vaccination. A majority of reports centred on poliomyelitis, and two differentiated periods could be defined, coinciding with the development of Franco regime's foreign policy. Further, from the gender perspective, we analyse the female stereotypes in the battle against vaccine preventable diseases Therefore, the news coverage of polio is of special relevance. In conclusion, this topic offers a good opportunity to reflect on the political role of popular science and science communication in a specific historical context.

Keywords: Enfermedades inmunoprevenibles; Francoist regime; Franquismo; Immuno-preventable diseases; NO-DO; Poliomielitis; Poliomyelitis; Vaccines; Vacunas.