Contralateral occlusion test: The effect of external ear canal occlusion on predicting conductive hearing loss

Abstract

Introduction and objectives: The contralateral occlusion test (COT) has the potential to allow the quantitative evaluation of unilateral conductive hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of the test in predicting the degree of hearing loss.

Materials and methods: Fifty-three subjects with unilateral conductive hearing loss were recruited from an otolaryngology department of a tertiary hospital. The COT was performed using 128, 256, 512, 1024 and 2048Hz tuning forks with the non-affected ear canal totally occluded to determine lateralization. Pure-tone audiometry was performed to establish the presence and degree of the air-bone gap (ABG) and the pure-tone average (PTA). The tuning fork responses were correlated with the ABG and the PTA to determine their accuracy.

Results: The COT showed a better association between hearing loss and the lateralization response using the 512Hz tuning fork (p=0.001). The sensitivity of the 512Hz fork in detecting a PTA of at least 35.6dB was 94.6% and the specificity was 75.0% for a positive predictive value of 89.7% and a negative predictive value of 85.7%, assuming a pretest prevalence of 69.8%.

Conclusions: The overall accuracy of the COT in predicting the degree of unilateral conductive hearing loss was significant. The COT had significant power in one direction: if lateralization to the affected ear occurred, it was almost certain evidence of a moderate or severe conductive hearing loss.

Keywords: Audiometry; Audiometría; Conductive hearing loss; Conducto auditivo; Ear canal; Hipoacusia transmisiva; Occlusion; Oclusión.