Effect of ultrasound treatment on the extraction of antioxidants from Ardisia compressa Kunth fruits and identification of phytochemicals by HPLC-ESI-MS

Alma Yolanda Vázquez-Sánchez; Pedro Aguilar-Zárate; Diana Beatriz Muñiz-Márquez; Jorge Enrique Wong-Paz; Romeo Rojas; Juan Alberto Ascacio-Valdés; Guillermo Cristian G Martínez-Ávila

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03058

Effect of ultrasound treatment on the extraction of antioxidants from Ardisia compressa Kunth fruits and identification of phytochemicals by HPLC-ESI-MS

Heliyon. 2019 Dec 18;5(12):e03058. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03058. eCollection 2019 Dec.

Authors

Alma Yolanda Vázquez-Sánchez¹, Pedro Aguilar-Zárate², Diana Beatriz Muñiz-Márquez², Jorge Enrique Wong-Paz², Romeo Rojas³, Juan Alberto Ascacio-Valdés⁴, Guillermo Cristian G Martínez-Ávila³

Affiliations

¹ Universidad Tecnológica de Xicotepec de Juárez Área Agroindustrial Alimentaria. Av, Universidad Tecnológica No. 1000, Tierra Negra, Xicotepec de Juárez, Puebla, C.P. 73080, Mexico.
² Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Ciudad Valles, Departamento de Ingenierías, Carretera al Ingenio Plan de Ayala Km. 2, Colonia Vista Hermosa, Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí, C.P. 79010, Mexico.
³ Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, School of Agronomy, Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Francisco I. Madero S/N, Ex Hacienda el Cañada, General Escobedo, Nuevo León, C.P. 66050, Mexico.
⁴ Autonomous University of Coahuila, School of Chemistry, Food Research Department, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza S/N, Colonia República Oriente, Saltillo, Coahuila, C.P. 25280, Mexico.

Abstract

The influence of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phytochemicals from Ardisia compressa Kunth on the antioxidant capacity was investigated. The factors evaluated were: ultrasound extraction time (10, 20 and 30 min), ethanol concentration (0, 35, 70 %) and solid/liquid ratio (1:4, 1:8 and 1:12 g mL^-1). The L₉ (3)³ array was applied, and the DPPH^• scavenging capacity of treatments was evaluated to obtain optimal extraction conditions. Finally, the phytochemicals were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). Ten minutes of ultrasound extraction using 0 % of ethanol and solid/liquid ratio 1:12 g mL^-1 were the optimal conditions of extraction. The HPLC-ESI-MS analysis revealed the presence of gluconic acid, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, demethylligstroside, ponicidin, 4-caffeoylquinic acid, rosmarinic acid, and galloyl-hexoside. The optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were defined by applying the Taguchi methodology. The phytochemicals identified in A. compressa fruits suggest its use as a potential source of bioactive compounds.

Keywords: Antioxidant; Antioxidant capacity; Bioactive compound; Biochemical characterization of food; Chemical composition of food; Chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Phenolic compound; Phenolic compounds; Ultrasound-assisted extraction.