From dangerous branches to urban banyan: Facilitating aerial root growth of Ficus rubiginosa

PLoS One. 2019 Dec 30;14(12):e0226845. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226845. eCollection 2019.

Abstract

Large urban trees have many benefits. However, falling branches pose a serious hazard to both people and infrastructure. In several tree species, aerial roots grow down from branches to the ground. These roots are capable of thickening to support the branches, lessening the risk of tree failure. Unfortunately, in urban environments most aerial roots die before reaching the ground. Here, we report a new method for encouraging aerial roots to reach the ground, developed by the second-year botany class at UNSW Sydney. Our class tested three experimental treatments on aerial roots of Ficus rubiginosa Desf. ex Vent. (Port Jackson Fig)-PVC pipes filled with sphagnum moss, PVC pipes filled with potting mix, and PVC pipes filled with sphagnum moss and topped with funnels to catch extra rainwater. All three treatments significantly improved aerial root growth, with 26 of the 30 (87%) treatment roots reaching the ground after one year compared to 0 of the 10 control roots. Our method was successful for roots up to 3 m above the ground, suggesting the potential growth rate of aerial roots is substantial when conditions are favourable. Our novel approach is an attractive and cost-effective alternative to slings and other artificial supports. This project is an example of using undergraduate practical classes to teach science while simultaneously addressing important real-world problems.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Australia
  • Biological Phenomena
  • Ficus / anatomy & histology*
  • Horticulture / methods*
  • Plant Components, Aerial / growth & development*
  • Plant Roots / growth & development*
  • Polyvinyl Chloride
  • Sphagnopsida
  • Trees

Substances

  • Polyvinyl Chloride

Grants and funding

This project was funded by Estate Management of UNSW Sydney. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.