Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) caused by AIPL1 mutations is one of the most severe forms of inherited retinal degeneration (IRD). The rapid and extensive photoreceptor degeneration challenges the development of potential treatments. Nevertheless, preclinical studies show that both gene augmentation and photoreceptor transplantation can regenerate and restore retinal function in animal models of AIPL1-associated LCA. However, questions regarding long-term benefit and safety still remain as these therapies advance towards clinical application. Ground-breaking advances in stem cell technology and genome editing are examples of alternative therapeutic approaches and address some of the limitations associated with previous methods. The continuous development of these cutting-edge biotechnologies paves the way towards a bright future not only for AIPL1-associated LCA patients but also other forms of IRD.
Keywords: Adeno-associated virus (AAV); Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein-like 1 (AIPL1); CRISPR/Cas9; Cell therapy; Gene therapy; Genome editing; Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA); Photoreceptor transplantation; Retinal degeneration; Stem cell.