Electrorheological Sensor Encapsulating Microsphere Media for Plague Diagnosis with Rapid Visualization

Pai-Chien Chou; Feng-Ping Lin; Hui-Ling Hsu; Chi-Jung Chang; Chien-Hsing Lu; Jem-Kun Chen

doi:10.1021/acssensors.9b01529

Electrorheological Sensor Encapsulating Microsphere Media for Plague Diagnosis with Rapid Visualization

ACS Sens. 2020 Mar 27;5(3):665-673. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01529. Epub 2019 Dec 23.

Authors

Pai-Chien Chou^{1

2}, Feng-Ping Lin^{2

3}, Hui-Ling Hsu³, Chi-Jung Chang⁴, Chien-Hsing Lu^{5

6}, Jem-Kun Chen²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan, Republic of China.
² Department of Materials and Science Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China.
³ Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 161, Sec. 6, Minquan East Road, Neihu Dist., New Taipei City 114, Taiwan, ROC.
⁴ Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan, ROC.
⁵ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan.
⁶ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan.

PMID: 31869212
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01529

Abstract

Plague is a disease infected by an etiological agent, which is transmitted from fleas to a variety of wildlife rodents. Therefore, rapid diagnosis of plague on-site in the field is important. Polystyrene microspheres (SMs) of 2.2 μm diameter were synthesized by emulsion polymerization to adsorb magnetic nanoparticles (FNs), resulting in core-/shell-structured microspheres that generate a significant contrast in relative permittivities between SMs and FNs. Electrorheological displays (EDs) consisting of two indium tin oxide glasses with spacers were constructed to contain core-/shell-structured SM/FN (SM@FN) solutions for observing their transmittance change. The ED encapsulating dispersed SM@FN solution exhibited an opaque state because light was scattered significantly without the application of an alternating electric field (AEF). In the presence of an AEF, the particle chaining behavior results in enhancement of the transmittance of ED. At a specific frequency, the so-called characteristic frequency (F_c), the transmittance reaches a maximum. F_c could be used as an indicator to mark the shell materials. The antibody of Yersinia pestis (ab-Yp) was coated onto the SM@FN as a biosensing medium. The F_c of ab-Yp-modified microspheres shifted from 200 to 750 kHz with antigen coupling of Y. pestis antigen (ag-Yp). In the absence of fluorescence labeling, the large change in ED transmittance could be visualized during the Y. pestis detection. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were ∼30 and ∼40 ng/μL, respectively, obtained within 30 s according to the highest transmittance of ED under the AEF at 750 kHz. Y. pestis detection was not affected by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus significantly. Compared with other common immunoassays, including the secondary immunochemical or enzyme-linked steps, this simple electrorheological sensor with high sensitivity and selectivity could be a candidate for on-site plague diagnosis.

Keywords: Fe3O4; core/shell; electrorheology; microsphere; particle chaining; plague.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Antibodies, Bacterial / immunology
Antigens, Bacterial / immunology
Biosensing Techniques*
Electrochemical Techniques
Immunoassay*
Iron / chemistry
Microspheres
Nanoparticles / chemistry
Plague
Polystyrenes / chemistry
Rheology
Yersinia pestis* / immunology

Substances

Antibodies, Bacterial
Antigens, Bacterial
Polystyrenes
Iron