Psychopathy and chronotype disposition: the mediating role of depression

Umair Akram; Jodie C Stevenson; Maria Gardani; Asha Akram; Sarah Allen

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02894

Psychopathy and chronotype disposition: the mediating role of depression

Heliyon. 2019 Nov 21;5(11):e02894. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02894. eCollection 2019 Nov.

Authors

Umair Akram^{1

2}, Jodie C Stevenson³, Maria Gardani⁴, Asha Akram⁵, Sarah Allen⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, UK.
² Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.
³ School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, UK.
⁴ Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, UK.
⁵ School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, UK.
⁶ Department of Health Sciences, University of York, UK.

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between dark triad personality traits and chronotype disposition, whilst incorporating the mediating role of anxiety and/or depression after excluding individuals presenting insomnia and/or physiological sleep-disorder symptoms. Members of the general population (N = 453) completed online measures of dark triad personality traits, chronotype, and anxious and depressive symptoms. Psychopathy and Machiavellianism were independently related to an evening chronotype disposition. However, after accounting for age, sex, anxiety and depression, psychopathy and depression remained the only significant predictors of chronotype. Therefore, whilst psychopathy was the strongest predictor of an evening chronotype preference, this relationship is partially mediated by depression. Individuals presenting an evening disposition may display increased psychopathic traits due to greater emotion dysregulation. This is potentially perpetuated by depressive symptoms stemming from a delayed or blunted affective rhythm. Interacting factors (e.g. reduced light exposure) may also contribute to alterations in the biological rhythm amongst evening-types, resulting in a negative feedback cycle. Targeting chronotype and depressive symptoms amongst individuals presenting psychopathic tendencies could increase the efficacy of existing sleep-based interventions for hostile behaviour.

Keywords: Chronotype; Circadian rhythm; Dark triads; Depression; Diurnal preference; Mental health; Neuroscience; Personality; Psychological disorders; Psychology; Psychopathy; Sleep.