Synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of glycosidic derivatives of lawsone against breast cancer cell lines

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most incident and mortal cancer type in women, with an estimated 2 million new cases expected by 2020 worldwide, with 600,000 deaths. As not all breast cancer types respond to the anti-hormonal therapy, the development of new antineoplastic drugs is necessary. Lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphtoquinone) is a natural bioactive naphtoquinone displaying a range of activities, with dozens of derivatives described in the literature, including some glycosides possessing antitumor activity. Here, a series of glycosides of lawsone are reported for the first time and all compounds displayed good activity against the SKBR-3 cell line, with IC₅₀ below 10 µM. The most promising derivative was the glycosyl triazole derived from peracetylated d-glucose (11), which showed better cytotoxicity against SKBR-3 (IC₅₀ = 0.78 µM), being the most selective toward this tumoral cell (SI > 20). All compounds described in this work were more active than lawsone, indicating the importance of the carbohydrate and glycosyl triazole moiety for activity.

Keywords: Breast cancer; Copper catalyzed azido-alkyne cycloaddition; Cytotoxicity; Lawsone glycosides.