Native Osseous CaP Biomineral Coating on a Biomimetic Multi-Spiked Connecting Scaffold Prototype for Cementless Resurfacing Arthroplasty Achieved by Combined Electrochemical Deposition

Ryszard Uklejewski; Mariusz Winiecki; Piotr Krawczyk; Renata Tokłowicz

doi:10.3390/ma12233994

Native Osseous CaP Biomineral Coating on a Biomimetic Multi-Spiked Connecting Scaffold Prototype for Cementless Resurfacing Arthroplasty Achieved by Combined Electrochemical Deposition

Materials (Basel). 2019 Dec 2;12(23):3994. doi: 10.3390/ma12233994.

Authors

Ryszard Uklejewski^{1

2}, Mariusz Winiecki^{1

2}, Piotr Krawczyk³, Renata Tokłowicz²

Affiliations

¹ Chair of Construction Materials and Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, Karola Chodkiewicza Street 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
² Laboratory of Biomaterials and Peri-implant Bioprocesses Engineering, Department of Process Engineering, Institute of Technology and Chemical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
³ Department of Applied Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.

Abstract

The multi-spiked connecting scaffold (MSC-Scaffold) prototype with spikes mimicking the interdigitations of articular subchondral bone is an essential innovation in surgically initiated fixation of resurfacing arthroplasty (RA) endoprosthesis components. This paper aimed to present a determination of the suitable range of conditions for the calcium phosphate (CaP) potentiostatic electrochemical deposition (ECD_V=const) on the MSC-Scaffold prototype spikes to achieve a biomineral coating with a native Ca/P ratio. The CaP ECD_V=const process on the MSC-Scaffold Ti4Al6V pre-prototypes was investigated for potential V_ECDfrom -9 to -3 V, and followed by 48 h immersion in a simulated body fluid. An acid-alkaline pretreatment (AAT) was applied for a portion of the pre-prototypes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of deposited coatings together with coatings weight measurements were performed. Themost suitable V_ECD range, from -5.25 to -4.75 V, was determined as the native biomineral Ca/P ratio of coatings was achieved. AAT increases the weight of deposited coatings (44% for V_ECD = -5.25 V, 9% for V_ECD = -5.00 V and 15% for V_ECD = -4.75 V) and the coverage degree of the lateral spike surfaces (40% for V_ECD = -5.25 V, 14% for V_ECD = -5.00 V and 100% for V_ECD = -4.75 V). XRD confirmed that the multiphasic CaP coating containing crystalline octacalcium phosphate is produced on the lateral surface of the spikes of the MSC-Scaffold. ECD_V=const preceded by AAT prevents micro-cracks on the bone-contacting surfaces of the MSC-Scaffold prototype, increases its spikes' lateral surface coverage, and results in the best modification effect at V_ECD = -5.00 V. To conclude, the biomimetic MSC-Scaffold prototype with desired biomineral coating of native Ca/P ratio was obtained for cementless RA endoprostheses.

Keywords: CaP biomineral coating; biomimetic scaffold; combined electrochemical deposition; multi-spiked connecting scaffold (MSC-Scaffold).

Grants and funding

NN518412638/Narodowe Centrum Nauki