Design, synthesis, heme binding and density functional theory studies of isoindoline-dione-4-aminoquinolines as potential antiplasmodials

Future Med Chem. 2020 Feb;12(3):193-205. doi: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0260. Epub 2019 Dec 5.

Abstract

Aim: WHO Malaria report 2017 estimated 216 million cases of malaria and 445,000 deaths worldwide, with 91% of deaths affecting the African region. Results/methodology: Microwave promoted the synthesis of cycloalkyl amine substituted isoindoline-1,3-dione-4-aminoquinolines was urbanized for evaluating their antiplasmodial activities. Compound with the optimum combination of propyl chain length and hydroxyethyl piperazine proved to be the most potent among the synthesized scaffolds against chloroquine-resistant W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum with an IC50 value of 0.006 μM. Heme-binding along with density functional theory studies were further carried out in order to delineate the mechanism of action of the most active compound. Conclusion: The synthesized scaffold can act as a therapeutic template for further synthetic modifications toward the search for a new antimalarial agent.

Keywords: Antiplasmodial; Isoindoline-1,3-dione-4-aminoquinoline; cycloalkyl-amine; cytotoxicity; density functional theory; heme-binding studies; microwave.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aminoquinolines / chemical synthesis
  • Aminoquinolines / chemistry
  • Aminoquinolines / pharmacology*
  • Antimalarials / chemical synthesis
  • Antimalarials / chemistry
  • Antimalarials / pharmacology*
  • Binding Sites / drug effects
  • Density Functional Theory*
  • Drug Design
  • Heme / chemistry
  • Humans
  • Isoindoles / chemical synthesis
  • Isoindoles / chemistry
  • Isoindoles / pharmacology*
  • Malaria / drug therapy*
  • Microwaves
  • Molecular Structure
  • Parasitic Sensitivity Tests
  • Plasmodium falciparum / drug effects*

Substances

  • Aminoquinolines
  • Antimalarials
  • Isoindoles
  • Heme
  • 4-aminoquinoline