Objective: To understand the status and health risk assessment of dietary fipronil contamination among 20 provinces of China. Methods: A total of 13 kinds of dietary samples in Chinese total diet study include cereals, legumes, potatoes, meats, eggs, aquatics, dairies, vegetables, fruits, sugars, beverages and water, alcohols, condiments and their corresponding products. Among them, condiments were used in the preparation of 12 other sample categories; thus, the actual mixed dietary samples of each province covered 12 groups. A total of 240 mixed dietary samples were collected from 20 provinces in China from 2009 to 2013. After the sample extraction and cleanup, dietary samples were analyzed for the residues of fipronil and its metabolites to obtain the contamination levels of fipronil residues using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. The dietary intake of adult residents was estimated based on food consumption of general population of China. Results: Among the 240 dietary samples, the detection rate of fipronil was 10.4% (25 samples), and the detection rates of fipronil metabolites, i.e. fipronil desulfinyl, fipronil sulfone and fipronil sulfide were 20.4% (49 samples), 40.0% (96 samples) and 8.8% (21 samples), respectively. According to the dietary exposure analysis, the average lower and upper dietary exposure levels of fipronil residues in adult residents of China were 11.34 and 12.35 ng·kg(-1)·d(-1), accounting for 5.7% and 6.2% of acceptable daily intake (ADI), respectively. The highest adult dietary intake of fipronil residues was found in Hunan province, with a value of 72.98 ng·kg(-1)·d(-1), accounting for 36.5% of ADI. Vegetables were the main dietary source of fipronil residues, which contributed to 71.0% of the total intake dose. Conclusion: Fipronil residues were detected in varying degrees in dietary samples, yet the health risk caused by the dietary intake of adult residents among 20 provinces of China is low.
目的： 了解中国膳食中氟虫腈及其代谢物的污染水平和健康风险。 方法： 中国总膳食研究的13大类膳食样品包括谷类、豆类、薯类、肉类、蛋类、水产类、乳类、蔬菜类、水果类、糖类、饮料与水、酒类、调味品及其相应制品，其中调味品在样品烹调中使用，各地实际制备的混合膳食样品为12大类。纳入本研究的240份混合膳食样品来自20个省份，采集于2009至2013年。采用液相色谱-高分辨质谱法测定样品中氟虫腈及其代谢物（氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜和氟虫腈亚砜）水平。采用中国一般人群膳食消费量数据，估算中国成年居民氟虫腈膳食摄入水平并进行健康风险评估。 结果： 240份混合膳食样品中，氟虫腈检出率为10.4%（25份），氟虫腈的代谢物氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜和氟虫腈亚砜检出率分别为20.4%（49份）、40.0%（96份）和8.8%（21份）。膳食摄入分析显示，中国成年居民氟虫腈残留物的平均下限和上限膳食摄入量分别为11.34和12.35 ng·kg(-1)·d(-1)，分别占每日允许摄入量（ADI）的5.7%和6.2%；湖南省成年居民氟虫腈残留物摄入量最高，为72.98 ng·kg(-1)·d(-1)，占ADI的36.5%。蔬菜类样品是氟虫腈残留物最主要的膳食贡献来源，占总摄入量的71.0%。 结论： 中国20个省份膳食样品中具有不同程度的氟虫腈污染，成人居民膳食摄入健康风险较低。.
Keywords: Chromatography; Diet surveys; Fipronil; Mass spectrometry; Pesticides.