The Second International Flavor and Fragrance Conference was successfully held on May 28-31, 2018, in Wuxi, China. The congress shared the progresses and discoveries in the research areas of flavor and fragrance perception, flavor analysis, thermal and biomediated generation of flavor, biological activities of aroma and flavor, and flavor and fragrance encapsulation and delivery technologies. This special issue collected some original research papers as well as reviews on basic taste, flavor analysis, aroma and taste characterization, essential oil bioactivity, and other related topics.