We sought to compare the effects of smoking on clinical outcomes in women and men with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We prospectively followed up 10 369 patients undergoing elective PCI. All patients were stratified according to smoking status and sex. The impacts of smoking on long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs, the composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization) were assessed. Among 7773 men and 2596 women undergoing PCI, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was 66.7% (n = 5185) and 11.0% (n = 286; P < .001). During the 3 years of follow-up (median: 20.6 months), smoking increased MACE in both men and women (men 10.8% vs 8.1%, P < .001; women 23.2% vs 6.4%; P < .001). After adjusting for baseline characteristics, smoking had a greater effect on MACE in women (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.86-7.28; P < .001) compared with men (HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.03-1.77; P = .005, interaction P = .026). There was a lower prevalence of smoking in women compared to men among patients undergoing PCI. However, smoking confers a higher excess risk for MACE among women compared with men.
Keywords: gender; percutaneous coronary intervention; smoking; women.