Aims: To compare treatment duration, healthcare resource utilization (HRU), and direct healthcare costs between patients with central precocious puberty (CPP) treated with leuprolide or histrelin, and between patients with Medicaid or commercial insurance. This information is important as it affects treatment choice and outcomes.Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study identified commercial and Medicaid-insured CPP patients ≤12-years-old who were diagnosed between 1 January 2010 and 30 September 2014 and had ≥1 prescription for leuprolide or histrelin (first prescription = index date). Treatment patterns were measured for the duration of available data; whereas, all-cause and disease-monitoring HRU and all-cause costs were compared between treatment groups for the year following treatment initiation. Multivariable analysis was used to adjust healthcare costs for differences in baseline patient characteristics.Results: A total of 1,177 commercially-insured (907 leuprolide and 270 histrelin) and 658 Medicaid-insured (613 leuprolide and 45 histrelin) patients were identified. Mean age at treatment initiation ranged from 7.5-8.5-years-old, 11.1-20.5% of patients were male, and the mean treatment duration was over one year. Commercially-insured patients treated with histrelin used more services in general than those treated with leuprolide but had fewer office visits. Healthcare service utilization was similar between Medicaid-insured treatment groups. In both payer populations, costs were similar.Limitations: The number of Medicaid-insured patients who received a histrelin implant was low, and this may make the findings more sensitive to influence by outliers.Conclusions: Mean overall healthcare costs were similar between CPP patients treated with leuprolide and those treated with histrelin. Medicaid patients generally received less testing and were less likely to receive specialist care. Patients treated with histrelin had fewer office visits but also had a shorter overall treatment.
Keywords: I12; I14; Observational; administrative claims; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; histrelin; leuprolide.