Steering the antitumor drug discovery campaign towards structurally diverse indolines

Abstract

Indoline framework is often perpended as a privileged heterocycle present in medicinally valuable compounds of natural and synthetic origin. This review article presents the rational approaches/strategies employed for the design of anticancer indolines along with the structure activity relationship and mechanistic insights revealed in the in-vitro and in-vivo assays. The chemist has always been fascinated towards the indoline ring for the construction of antitumor scaffolds owing to its versatility as evidenced by its existence in scaffolds inducing antiproliferative effects via diverse mechanisms. To the delight of medicinal chemist, the applicability of indoline has also been expanded towards the design of dual inhibitors (multitargeting anticancer agents) as well as PROTACS. Overall, it can be concluded that indoline moiety is a magic bullet and the scaffolds containing this ring are foraying towards detailed preclinical and clinical stage investigations by leaps and bounds.

Keywords: Alkaloids; Cancer; Cells; Dearomatization; Heterocycles; Indolines; Tumor.