Physical activity and blood pressure during pregnancy: Mediation by anxiety symptoms

Abstract

Background: During pregnancy, physiological systems and psychological perceptions vary across individuals. Prenatal physical activity has been linked to reduced anxiety symptoms and lower blood pressure values. However, whether anxiety symptoms can mediate the relationship between physical activity and blood pressure during pregnancy remains unclear.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 1275 pregnant women enrolled in Nanjing, China. Life behaviours and anxiety symptoms were investigated during the first trimester. Anxiety symptoms were measured by the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. Blood pressure values were taken during the third trimester. Multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the associations of physical activity with anxiety symptoms and blood pressure, and mediating effect models were used to detect the regulating effect by anxiety.

Results: The participants were assigned to 3 groups based on their frequency and intensity of physical activity, and those who engaged in regular physical activity had lower blood pressure values. Anxiety symptoms were milder in the regular group than in the insufficient group. Partial mediating effect of anxiety on the association between regular physical activity and systolic blood pressure was significant after accounting for some confounders.

Limitations: The participants' physical activity and anxiety symptoms were self-reported, as well as the lack of details of physical activity during pregnancy may restrict the power of our findings.

Conclusions: Regular physical activity might be beneficial for anxiety and blood pressure. Physical activity likely stabilises systolic blood pressure by alleviating anxiety symptoms. Our research could provide a positive theoretical reference for guiding prenatal care.

Keywords: Anxiety; Blood pressure; Physical activity; Pregnant women.