Salvage Therapies for Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Who Will Respond to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin? Predictors and Nomograms

Urol Clin North Am. 2020 Feb;47(1):5-13. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2019.09.003.

Abstract

The best predictors of response to intravesical immunotherapy are tumor grade and stage, tumor recurrence pattern, nomograms, panels of urinary cytokines, and fluorescent in situ hybridization patterns of urine cytology examinations. Future investigations on predictors of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin efficacy are needed to better select those patients who will really benefit from a conservative treatment. Hardly any of the proposed nomograms were designed to precisely predict the outcome of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy. A new nomogram for NMIBC recurrence and progression based on all non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer subgroups would include factors already proven in cancer prognosis and prediction.

Keywords: BCG; Bladder cancer; Nomograms; Non-muscle invasive; Predictors; Recurrence.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adjuvants, Immunologic / administration & dosage
  • Administration, Intravesical
  • BCG Vaccine / administration & dosage*
  • Disease Progression
  • Humans
  • Immunotherapy / methods*
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness
  • Nomograms
  • Salvage Therapy / methods*
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / pathology
  • Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / therapy*

Substances

  • Adjuvants, Immunologic
  • BCG Vaccine