The study aims at analyzing the experiences of Polish patients who received an unfavorable medical diagnosis. In order to reach a random group of patients with an unfavorable diagnosis, we started cooperating with 19 independent patient organizations and associations. A nationwide study, based on a self-constructed e-survey questionnaire, was carried out with the use of the CAWI method. Three hundred and fourteen patients in total participated in the study, all of whom had received an unfavorable diagnosis, including 119 oncological patients and 195 suffering from other chronic diseases. This paper focuses on the analysis of the opinions expressed by oncological patients. It also highlights the differences in oncological and non-oncological patients' reactions to an unfavorable diagnosis. Caution and tactfulness displayed by a physician while conveying an unfavorable diagnosis were assessed negatively by 36% of the respondents, 8 in 10 oncological patients claim that Polish doctors are insufficiently prepared to communicate bad news. As far as the model of the physician-patient relationship is concerned, over half of the surveyed (59%) prefers partnership, 18% opts for an informative model, 16% chooses a model based on dialogue and empathy and 7% is in favor of a paternalistic model. We have demonstrated that the very location where diagnosis is conveyed affects the quality of medical communication: patients visiting a private doctor's office have a better chance to express their doubts than the ones treated at a hospital or a public outpatient clinic. The majority of oncological patients, especially individuals under the age of 40, prefer shared decision-making.