The cardiovascular system is disrupted by chronic excessive alcohol use and often impaired in individuals with an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Less is known about cardiovascular recovery when an individual receives treatment for AUD. This observational study aimed to extend the growing body of evidence for cardiovascular biomarkers and intervention targets in the treatment of AUD. We examined cardiovascular function in 92 women before and after 12 weeks of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for AUD. Participants were recruited exclusively from a randomized clinical trial comparing group versus individual CBT treatment strategies (parent study); no control group of untreated, but treatment-seeking women was available. Demographic and drinking data were obtained from the parent study. Cardiovascular data were collected as part of this separate study, prior to and following the clinical trial. Mixed-model analyses revealed multiple within-person cardiovascular changes indicative of improving health from pre- to posttreatment, including reduced heart rate and vessel stiffness as well as increased heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity. These significant improvements remained when extent of drinking during treatment was included in the models, suggesting that active ingredients of AUD treatment may serve to benefit physical health over and above drinking reductions. Future studies should assess the time course of cardiovascular recovery during addiction treatment and the mechanisms by which evidence-based AUD treatments may benefit physical as well as mental health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).