Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of black ginseng (BG) and ginsenoside Rb1, which induced browning effects in 3T3-L1 and primary white adipocytes (PWATs) isolated from C57BL/6 mice. BG and Rb1 suppressed the expressions of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c (SREBP-1c), whereas the expression level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was increased. Furthermore, BG and Rb1 enhanced the protein expressions of the brown-adipocyte-specific markers PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). These results were further supported by immunofluorescence images of mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, BG and Rb1 induced expressions of brown-adipocyte-specific marker proteins by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. BG and Rb1 exert antiobesity effects by inducing browning in 3T3-L1 cells and PWATs through AMPK-mediated pathway activation. We suggest that BG and Rb1 act as potential functional antiobesity food agents.
Keywords:
UCP1; black ginseng; browning effect; ginsenoside Rb1; primary white adipocytes.
MeSH terms
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3T3-L1 Cells
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AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
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Adipocytes, Brown / drug effects*
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Adipocytes, Brown / metabolism
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Adipocytes, White / drug effects*
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Adipocytes, White / metabolism
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Adipogenesis / drug effects*
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Animals
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Anti-Obesity Agents / pharmacology*
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CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / metabolism
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DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
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Ginsenosides / pharmacology*
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Male
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred C57BL
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Mitochondria / drug effects
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Mitochondria / metabolism
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Organelle Biogenesis
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PPAR gamma / metabolism
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Panax* / chemistry
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha / metabolism
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Plant Extracts / isolation & purification
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Plant Extracts / pharmacology*
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Signal Transduction
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Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / metabolism
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Transcription Factors / metabolism
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Uncoupling Protein 1 / metabolism*
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Up-Regulation
Substances
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Anti-Obesity Agents
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CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins
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CEBPA protein, mouse
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Ginsenosides
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PPAR gamma
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha
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Plant Extracts
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Pparg protein, mouse
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Ppargc1a protein, mouse
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Prdm16 protein, mouse
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Srebf1 protein, mouse
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Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1
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Transcription Factors
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Ucp1 protein, mouse
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Uncoupling Protein 1
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ginsenoside Rb1
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AMP-Activated Protein Kinases