Working in a cold environment, feeling cold at work and chronic pain: a cross-sectional analysis of the Tromsø Study

BMJ Open. 2019 Nov 11;9(11):e031248. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031248.

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate if working in a cold environment and feeling cold at work are associated with chronic pain (ie, lasting ≥3 months).

Methods: We used data from the sixth survey (2007-2008) of the Tromsø Study. Analyses included 6533 men and women aged 30-67 years who were not retired, not receiving full-time disability benefits and had no missing values. Associations between working in a cold environment, feeling cold at work and self-reported chronic pain were examined with logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, education, body mass index, insomnia, physical activity at work, leisure time physical activity and smoking.

Results: 779 participants reported working in a cold environment ≥25% of the time. This exposure was positively associated with pain at ≥3 sites (OR 1.57; 95% CI 1.23 to 2.01) and with neck, shoulder and leg pain, but not with pain at 1-2 sites. Feeling cold sometimes or often at work was associated with pain at ≥3 sites (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.22 to 2.07 and OR 3.90; 95% CI 2.04 to 7.45, respectively). Feeling cold often at work was significantly and positively associated with pain at all sites except the hand, foot, stomach and head.

Conclusion: Working in a cold environment was significantly associated with chronic pain. The observed association was strongest for pain at musculoskeletal sites and for those who often felt cold at work.

Keywords: epidemiology; occupational & industrial medicine; public health.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Abdominal Pain / epidemiology
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Back Pain / epidemiology
  • Chronic Pain / epidemiology*
  • Cold Temperature*
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Headache / epidemiology
  • Humans
  • Logistic Models
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Musculoskeletal Pain / epidemiology*
  • Neck Pain / epidemiology
  • Norway / epidemiology
  • Risk Factors
  • Shoulder Pain / epidemiology
  • Workplace*