The aim of our work was to determine the gene polymorphism of cytokines IL-1β (-511) and IL-10 (-1082) in children with nephrotic syndrome. 20 patients with nephrotic syndrome were recruited into the study from 2017 to 2018 years in single center. Our study included children with levels of glomerular filtration rate >90 ml/min. Genetic polymorphism of IL-1β (-511) and IL-10 (-1082) and serum IL1β were evaluated. Analyzing the contents of IL-1β in serum of children with nephrotic syndrome, we found that IL-1β was significantly increased in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and with progression of glomerulonephritis compared with remission and with healthy children (p<0.05). The presence of C/T genotype is associated with increased production of interleukin-1β in serum, compared with children with genotype C/C (p<0.05). Checking the polymorphism of SNP -1082 of IL-10 we determined that in 50% of children with nephrotic syndrome there was G/A genotype, in 40% - G/G genotype, and genotype А/А was only in 10% of patients. A strong direct relationship between the level of IL-1β in serum and C/T allelic polymorphism of the gene IL-1β (-511) was found (r=+0,56) (p<0.05). Gene polymorphism of IL-1β (-511) can be used as a marker of progression of glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome but more studies are needed.