Simultaneous determination of multiclass illegal dyes with different acidic-basic properties in foodstuffs by LC-MS/MS via polarity switching mode

Abstract

Simultaneous determination of multiclass illegal dyes possessing different chemical properties is difficult. By using LC-MS/MS via negative/positive ion switching mode, an efficient and fast multi-residual method for simultaneous determination of multiclass 52 illegal dyes with different acidic-basic properties in foodstuffs was developed and validated during one single run, including 23 fat-soluble neutral azo dyes, 8 acidic sulfonated azo dyes, 12 triphenylmethane basic dyes, three basic indole dyes, three xanthene dyes, one quinoline dye, and two anthraquinones dyes. The illegal dyes were extracted with methanol-acetonitrile and further purified with d-SPE procedure to reduce interference. Sample dilution with 100-fold was used for the elimination of matrix effects of the quantitation of LC-MS/MS analysis. Validation data showed the good recoveries in the range of 71.2-111.2%, with relative standard deviations less than 20%, suggesting the developed method is suitable for the identification and quantitation of multiclass illegal dyes at trace levels in foods.

Keywords: 4-Hydroxy-4′-Dimethyl Aminoazobenzene (PubChem CID: 97486); 4-phenol-bezene; Acid Black 1 (PubChem CID: 135442942); Acid Blue 1 (PubChem CID: 8507); Acid Green A (PubChem CID: 44630534); Acid Orange 20 (PubChem CID: 135513128); Acid Orange II (PubChem CID: 135442941); Acid Orange IV (PubChem CID: 23668839); Acid Red 265 (PubChem CID: 135755589); Acid Red 52 (PubChem CID: 9916275); Acid Yellow 36 (PubChem CID: 3935589); Basic Blue 1 (PubChem CID: 107404); Basic Blue 11 (PubChem CID: 16599); Basic Blue 26 (PubChem CID: 17407); Basic Blue 7 (PubChem CID: 75444); Basic Green 1 (PubChem CID: 12449); Basic Orange 21 (PubChem CID: 6433357); Basic Orange 22 (PubChem CID: 135747272); Basic Violet 1; Basic Violet 7 (PubChem CID: 6538422); Citrus Red (PubChem CID: 22830); Crocein Orange G (PubChem CID: 135465070); Crystal Violet (PubChem CID: 11057); Diethyl Yellow (Sudan yellow) (PubChem CID: 17204); Disperse Blue 35 (PubChem CID: 83683); Disperse Orange 1 (PubChem CID: 17414); Disperse Orange 11 (PubChem CID: 6702); Disperse Orange 3 (PubChem CID: 12896); Disperse Red 1 (PubChem CID: 17886); Disperse Yellow 3 (PubChem CID: 17811); Disperse orange 37 (PubChem CID: 83322); Ethyl Violet 4 (PubChem CID: 16955); Illegal dyes; LC-MS/MS; Matrix effect; Methyl Orange (PubChem CID: 24181474); Naphthalene Red (PubChem CID: 8562); Para Red (PubChem CID: 22917); Patent Blue V (PubChem CID: 77073); Polarity switching mode; Rhodamine 6G (PubChem CID: 13806); Rhodamine B (PubChem CID: 6694); Solvent Orange 2 (PubChem CID: 17550); Solvent Yellow 1 (PubChem CID: 6051); Solvent Yellow 124 (PubChem CID: 118170); Solvent Yellow 3 (PubChem CID: 7340); Solvent Yellow 33 (PubChem CID: 6731); Sudan Orange G (PubChem CID: 16325); Sudan Red 7B (PubChem CID: 61396); Sudan Red G (PubChem CID: 14678); Sudan Red I (PubChem CID: 13297); Sudan Red II (PubChem CID: 18386); Sudan Red III (PubChem CID: 62331); Sudan Red IV (PubChem CID: 62330); Sudan Yellow (PubChem CID: 6053); Xylene Cyanol FF (PubChem CID: 44135495); d-SPE.