Modulation of innate and adaptive immunity by cytomegaloviruses

Richard Berry; Gabrielle M Watson; Stipan Jonjic; Mariapia A Degli-Esposti; Jamie Rossjohn

doi:10.1038/s41577-019-0225-5

Modulation of innate and adaptive immunity by cytomegaloviruses

Nat Rev Immunol. 2020 Feb;20(2):113-127. doi: 10.1038/s41577-019-0225-5. Epub 2019 Oct 30.

Authors

Richard Berry^{1

2

3}, Gabrielle M Watson^{4

5

6}, Stipan Jonjic⁷, Mariapia A Degli-Esposti^{4

8

9}, Jamie Rossjohn^{4

5

6

10}

Affiliations

¹ Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. richard.berry@monash.edu.
² Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. richard.berry@monash.edu.
³ Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. richard.berry@monash.edu.
⁴ Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
⁵ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
⁶ Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
⁷ Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
⁸ Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
⁹ Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
¹⁰ Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.

PMID: 31666730
DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0225-5

Abstract

The coordinated activities of innate and adaptive immunity are critical for effective protection against viruses. To counter this, some viruses have evolved sophisticated strategies to circumvent immune cell recognition. In particular, cytomegaloviruses encode large arsenals of molecules that seek to subvert T cell and natural killer cell function via a remarkable array of mechanisms. Consequently, these 'immunoevasins' play a fundamental role in shaping the nature of the immune system by driving the evolution of new immune receptors and recognition mechanisms. Here, we review the diverse strategies adopted by cytomegaloviruses to target immune pathways and outline the host's response.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review

MeSH terms

Adaptive Immunity / immunology*
Animals
Betaherpesvirinae / pathogenicity
Capsid Proteins / immunology
Cytomegalovirus / pathogenicity*
Cytomegalovirus Infections / immunology*
Herpesviridae Infections / immunology
Host Microbial Interactions / immunology
Humans
Immune Evasion / immunology*
Immunity, Innate / immunology*
Major Histocompatibility Complex / immunology*
Mice
Muromegalovirus / pathogenicity
RNA-Binding Proteins / immunology
Viral Envelope Proteins / immunology
Viral Proteins / immunology*

Substances

Capsid Proteins
RNA-Binding Proteins
US2 protein, Varicellovirus
US6 protein, Human cytomegalovirus
VP23 protein, Human herpesvirus 1
Viral Envelope Proteins
Viral Proteins