Waist Circumference Measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Is Interchangeable with Manual Measurement: Increased Waist Circumference Is Associated with Locomotive Syndrome Risk

Abstract

Objectives: The importance of preventive medicine in an aging society is increasing. Locomotive syndrome (LS) is attracting increasing attention. Recently, advances in bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) devices have made it possible to automatically measure waist circumference (WC). Nevertheless, there have been no reports evaluating the agreement or interchangeability between WC measured manually and using BIA. Therefore, we aimed to perform these analyses in the context of health checkups and investigated the associations with LS risk.

Methods: We enrolled 597 participants who underwent the following: two-step tests and stand-up tests; evaluations using a 25-question geriatric locomotive function scale for the LS risk test; anthropometric marker measurements including WC measured by manual and BIA; and measurements of total cholesterol and triglycerides. We used Bland-Altman analysis to calculate agreement and interchangeability of the WC measurement using BIA and the manual method. A statistical comparative study was then conducted between normal and LS risk groups. Subsequently, significant risk factors for LS were investigated using multivariate analysis.

Results: The Bland-Altman analysis showed that bias (BIA-manual) was negative overall (-2.024), for males (-1.418) and for females (-2.460), suggesting underestimation using BIA compared with manual measurements. Interchangeability was found between WC measurement by BIA and by manual methods, because the percentage error was less than 15% overall (12.3%), for males (10.2%) and for females (13.8%). Univariate analysis showed that WC was significantly higher in the LS risk group than in the normal group. Multivariate analysis adjusted for confounding factors showed that increase in WC significantly correlated with LS risk.

Conclusions: BIA and manual methods for measuring WC are interchangeable. The increase in WC measured by BIA was significantly associated with LS risk. It is important to continue focusing on increased WC and early detection of LS risk.