Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) efflux capacity in healthy controls and patients with severe dyslipidemia. Evaluation of HDL function may be beneficial for better understanding of cardiovascular diseases, as well as for taking actions to minimize residual cardiovascular risk.
Methods: During 2016-2017 a total of 93 participants - 48 (51.6%) women and 45 (48.4%) men - were included in this cross-sectional study. Data of 45 (48.4%) participants with severe dyslipidemia (SD) and 48 (51.6%) controls without dyslipidemia was used for statistical analysis. Total lipid panel, concentration of lipoprotein (a) and apolipoproteins were measured, data about cardiovascular risk factors were collected and detailed evaluation of HDL-C quality was performed for all patients.
Results: Increased HDL-C concentration was associated with higher ApoA1 (r = 0.866 in controls, r = 0.63 in SD group), ApoA2 (r = 0.41 in controls, r = 0.418 in SD group) and LDL-C concentrations (r = - 0.412 in SD group), lower ApoE (r = - 0.314 in SD group) and TG concentrations (r = - 0.38 in controls, r = - 0.608 in SD group), lower ApoB/ApoA1 ratio (r = - 0.567 in control group), below average HDL-C efflux capacity (r = - 0.335 in SD group), lower BMI (r = - 0.327 in controls, r = - 0.531 in SD group) and abdominal circumference (r = - 0.309 in women with SD). Below-average HDL-C efflux capacity was found in 67.7% (N = 63) of participants. It was more often found among patients with normal weight or BMI 30-31 kg/m2. HDL-C efflux capacity was inversely associated with HDL-C concentration (r = - 0.228).
Conclusion: Abnormal HDL function may be associated with residual cardiovascular risk in Lithuanian population.
Keywords: HDL cholesterol efflux capacity; HDL function; Residual risk; Severe dyslipidemia.