CCL19 and CCR7 Expression, Signaling Pathways, and Adjuvant Functions in Viral Infection and Prevention

Yan Yan; Renfang Chen; Xu Wang; Kai Hu; Lihua Huang; Mengji Lu; Qinxue Hu

doi:10.3389/fcell.2019.00212

CCL19 and CCR7 Expression, Signaling Pathways, and Adjuvant Functions in Viral Infection and Prevention

Front Cell Dev Biol. 2019 Oct 1:7:212. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00212. eCollection 2019.

Authors

Yan Yan^{1

2}, Renfang Chen^{2

3}, Xu Wang¹, Kai Hu⁴, Lihua Huang^{2

3}, Mengji Lu^{2

5}, Qinxue Hu^{4

6}

Affiliations

¹ Center of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
² The International Joint Research Laboratory for Infection and Immunity (China-Germany), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
³ Hepatology Institute of Wuxi, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
⁴ State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
⁵ Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
⁶ Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.

Abstract

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19) is a critical regulator of the induction of T cell activation, immune tolerance, and inflammatory responses during continuous immune surveillance, homeostasis, and development. Migration of CC-chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7)-expressing cells to secondary lymphoid organs is a crucial step in the onset of adaptive immunity, which is initiated by a complex interaction between CCR7 and its cognate ligands. Recent advances in knowledge regarding the response of the CCL19-CCR7 axis to viral infections have elucidated the complex network of interplay among the invading virus, target cells and host immune responses. Viruses use various strategies to evade or delay the cytokine response, gaining additional time to replicate in the host. In this review, we summarize the impacts of CCL19 and CCR7 expression on the regulation of viral pathogenesis with an emphasis on the corresponding signaling pathways and adjuvant mechanisms. We present and discuss the expression, signaling adaptor proteins and effects of CCL19 and CCR7 as these molecules differentially impact different viral infections and viral life cycles in host homeostatic strategies. The underlying mechanisms discussed in this review may assist in the design of novel agents to modulate chemokine activity for viral prevention.

Keywords: CCL19; CCR7; adjuvant; antivirus; chemotaxis; signaling.

Publication types

Review