Abstract
Colorectal tumors have been classified based on histologic factors, genetic factors, and consensus molecular subtypes, all of which affect the tumor microenvironment. Elements of the tumor microenvironment serve as therapeutic targets and might be used as prognostic factors. For example, immune checkpoint inhibitors are used to treat tumors with microsatellite instability, and anti-angiogenic agents may be used in combination with other drugs to slow or inhibit tumor growth. We review the features of the colorectal tumor stroma that are associated with patient outcomes and discuss potential therapeutic agents that target these features.
Keywords:
CRC; MSI; Matrix; Microenvironment.
Copyright © 2020 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Angiogenesis Inhibitors / pharmacology
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Angiogenesis Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
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Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological / pharmacology
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Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological / therapeutic use*
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Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / pharmacology
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Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use*
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Carcinogenesis / drug effects
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Carcinogenesis / genetics
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Carcinogenesis / immunology
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Clinical Trials as Topic
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Colorectal Neoplasms / drug therapy*
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Colorectal Neoplasms / genetics
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Colorectal Neoplasms / immunology
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Humans
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Microsatellite Instability
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Prognosis
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Progression-Free Survival
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Tumor Microenvironment / drug effects*
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Tumor Microenvironment / genetics
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Tumor Microenvironment / immunology
Substances
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Angiogenesis Inhibitors
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Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological