Halitosis: prevalence, risk factors, sources, measurement and treatment - a review of the literature

Aust Dent J. 2020 Mar;65(1):4-11. doi: 10.1111/adj.12725. Epub 2019 Nov 15.

Abstract

Halitosis, an offensive breath odour, has multiple sources and negative impacts on people's social interactions and quality of life. It is important for health care professionals, including general physicians and dental professionals, to understand its aetiology and risk factors in order to diagnose and treat patients appropriately. In this study, we have reviewed the current literature on halitosis regarding its prevalence, classification, risk factors, sources, measurement and treatment.

Keywords: Bad breath; halitosis; oral malodour.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Halitosis / diagnosis*
  • Halitosis / epidemiology*
  • Halitosis / etiology*
  • Humans
  • Prevalence
  • Quality of Life
  • Risk Factors