Extending the Inhibition Profiles of Coumarin-Based Compounds Against Human Carbonic Anhydrases: Synthesis, Biological, and In Silico Evaluation

Molecules. 2019 Oct 4;24(19):3580. doi: 10.3390/molecules24193580.

Abstract

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) catalyze the fundamental reaction of CO2 hydration in all living organisms and are actively involved in the regulation of a plethora of pathological and physiological conditions. A set of new coumarin/ dihydrocoumarin derivatives was here synthesized, characterized, and tested as human CA inhibitors. Their inhibitory activity was evaluated against the cytosolic human isoforms hCA I and II and the transmembrane hCA IX and hCA XII. Two compounds showed potent inhibitory activity against hCA IX, being more active or equipotent with the reference drug acetazolamide. Computational procedures were used to investigate the binding mode of this class of compounds within the active site of hCA IX and XII that are validated as anti-tumor targets.

Keywords: carbonic anhydrase; coumarin; docking; prodrug; selectivity; tumor-associated isoform.

MeSH terms

  • Antigens, Neoplasm / chemistry
  • Carbonic Anhydrase IX / chemistry
  • Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / chemical synthesis*
  • Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Carbonic Anhydrases / chemistry*
  • Catalytic Domain
  • Computer Simulation
  • Coumarins / chemical synthesis*
  • Coumarins / chemistry
  • Coumarins / pharmacology
  • Humans
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Docking Simulation
  • Molecular Structure
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Antigens, Neoplasm
  • Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
  • Coumarins
  • CA9 protein, human
  • Carbonic Anhydrase IX
  • Carbonic Anhydrases
  • carbonic anhydrase XII