Hydration of Aromatic Heterocycles as an Adversary of π-Stacking

J Chem Inf Model. 2019 Oct 28;59(10):4209-4219. doi: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00395. Epub 2019 Oct 17.

Abstract

Hydration is one of the key players in the protein-ligand binding process. It not only influences the binding process per se, but also the drug's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties. To gain insights into the hydration of aromatic cores, the solvation thermodynamics of 40 aromatic mono- and bicyclic systems, frequently occurring in medicinal chemistry, are investigated. Thermodynamics is analyzed with two different methods: grid inhomogeneous solvation theory (GIST) and thermodynamic integration (TI). Our results agree well with previously published experimental and computational solvation free energies. The influence of adding heteroatoms to aromatic systems and how the position of these heteroatoms impacts the compound's interactions with water is studied. The solvation free energies of these heteroaromatics are highly correlated to their gas phase interaction energies with benzene: compounds showing a high interaction energy also have a high solvation free energy value. Therefore, replacing a compound with one having a higher gas phase interaction energy might not result in the expected improvement in affinity. The desolvation costs counteract the higher stacking interactions, hence weakening or even inverting the expected gain in binding free energy.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Computational Chemistry
  • Drug Design*
  • Heterocyclic Compounds / chemistry*
  • Humans
  • Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / chemistry*
  • Molecular Structure
  • Thermodynamics
  • Water

Substances

  • Heterocyclic Compounds
  • Hydrocarbons, Aromatic
  • Water