Low incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis following ex vivo T-cell depleted haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation in children

Bone Marrow Transplant. 2020 Jan;55(1):207-214. doi: 10.1038/s41409-019-0672-4. Epub 2019 Sep 16.

Abstract

Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a debilitating complication following allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). HLA disparity and T-cell depletion have been implicated as risk factors for HC. However, reports on the incidence and risk factors for HC in ex vivo T-cell depleted haploidentical HCT (haploHCT) in children are lacking. We studied 96 haploHCT procedures performed in 83 children between 2002 and 2017. Sixty-three patients were diagnosed with a malignant disease and 20 with nonmalignant disease. All but three patients with SCID underwent myelotoxic and/or lymphotoxic conditioning therapy. Grafts were CD3+ (36.5%) or TcRαβ+ (63.5%) depleted to prevent graft versus host disease (GvHD). Fourteen patients (14.6%) were diagnosed with HC; 12 (12.5%) had clinically significant stage II-IV HC. All patients with HC had BK viruria and/or viremia. Increasing age and chemotherapeutic treatment prior to conditioning were identified as risk factors for HC. Immune recovery did not significantly differ between patients with and without HC. Thus, we report a low incidence of HC in pediatric haploHCT using ex vivo T-cell depletion. The combination of a reduced toxicity conditioning regimen, and typically absent pharmaceutical post-HCT GvHD prophylaxis in our patients might have contributed to the decreased the risk of HC, despite HLA disparity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Child
  • Cystitis* / etiology
  • Graft vs Host Disease* / etiology
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation* / adverse effects
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • T-Lymphocytes
  • Transplantation Conditioning / adverse effects