Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Component Traits of Flowering Capacity Across Temperature in Petunia

Abstract

For ornamental annual bedding plants, flowering performance is critical. Flowering performance includes the length of the flowering period, the longevity of individual flowers, and the number of flowers produced during the flowering period, or flowering capacity. Flowering capacity is a function of several component traits, including the number of branches producing flowers, the number of inflorescences per flowering branch, and the number of flower buds per inflorescence. We employed an F₇Petunia axillaris × P. exserta recombinant inbred line population to identify QTL for flowering capacity component traits. The population was phenotyped at 14, 17, and 20° over two years. Fifteen robust QTL (rQTL; QTL detected in two or more temperatures/years) were identified across six of the seven Petunia chromosomes (Chr) for total flower bud number (FlBud), branch number (Branch), flowering branch number (FlBranch), and primary shoot flower bud number (FlBudPS). The largest effect QTL explained up to 28.8, 34.9, 36, and 23.1% of the phenotypic variation for FlBub, FlBudPS, Branch, and FlBranch, respectively. rQTL for FlBud and FlBranch co-localized on Chr 1, and rQTL for FlBud, FlBudPS, and FlBranch co-localized on Chr 4. These regions in particular should be useful for identifying genes controlling flowering capacity of this important ornamental plant.

Keywords: Petunia axillaris; Petunia exserta; QTL; branching; recombinant inbred line.