Morphological identification of Amphitetranychus species (Acari: Tetranychidae) with crossbreeding, esterase zymograms and DNA barcode data

Tea Arabuli; Mohamed Waleed Negm; Tomoko Matsuda; Yasuki Kitashima; Tea Abramishvili; Igor Andrijovych Akimov; Olga Valentynivna Zhovnerchuk; Sergei Yakovlevich Popov; Tetsuo Gotoh

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0221951

Morphological identification of Amphitetranychus species (Acari: Tetranychidae) with crossbreeding, esterase zymograms and DNA barcode data

PLoS One. 2019 Sep 13;14(9):e0221951. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221951. eCollection 2019.

Authors

Tea Arabuli^{1

2

3}, Mohamed Waleed Negm^{1

4

5}, Tomoko Matsuda¹, Yasuki Kitashima¹, Tea Abramishvili⁶, Igor Andrijovych Akimov⁷, Olga Valentynivna Zhovnerchuk⁷, Sergei Yakovlevich Popov⁸, Tetsuo Gotoh^{1

9}

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki, Japan.
² Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, Kakutsa Cholokashvilli Ave, Tbilisi, Georgia.
³ Institute of Entomology, Agricultural University of Georgia, Kakha Bendukidze Campus, David Aghamashenebeli Alley, Tbilisi, Georgia.
⁴ Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
⁵ Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.
⁶ Department of Plant Pest Diagnostic, Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Vasil Godziashvili, Tbilisi, Georgia.
⁷ Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vul. B. Khmelnytskogo, Kyiv, Ukraine.
⁸ Department of Plant Protection, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya, Moscow, Russia.
⁹ Faculty of Economics, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ryugasaki, Ibaraki, Japan.

Abstract

The genus Amphitetranychus Oudemans (Tetranychidae) consists of only three species, A. quercivorus (Ehara & Gotoh), A. savenkoae (Reck) and A. viennensis (Zacher). The original description of A. savenkoae was extremely simple and had no drawing of the aedeagus; however, a subsequent study described only the aedeagus. The present study investigated all three species in detail using a combination of morphological traits, crossbreeding experiments, esterase zymograms and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Morphological differences in the peritremes and male aedeagi were observed among the three species. Complete reproductive isolation was confirmed in the reciprocal crosses between the morphologically similar A. savenkoae and A. quercivorus (no female offspring were produced). Esterase zymograms differed interspecifically, but not intraspecifically (among individuals in a given species). All three species formed clearly separate clades with 100% bootstrap values in the COI tree, and A. savenkoae was more closely related to A. quercivorus than to A. viennensis, which corresponded to the morphological similarity of their aedeagi and setal counts on tarsi IV. A key to Amphitetranychus species is provided.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Animals
DNA / genetics
DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic
Electron Transport Complex IV / genetics
Esterases / metabolism
Female
Hybridization, Genetic
Male
Phenotype
Phylogeny
Species Specificity
Tetranychidae / anatomy & histology*
Tetranychidae / enzymology
Tetranychidae / genetics

Substances

DNA
Electron Transport Complex IV
Esterases

Grants and funding

This work was supported by: Tetsuo Gotoh, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP25292033 and JP17H03775 (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research B), http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/; and by: Mohamed Waleed Negm, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI Grant Number JP17F17397 (Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Research Fellow). The funder (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI) had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Nihon BioData Corporation provided support in the form of salaries for Tomoko Matsuda, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the `author contributions' section.