In 2006, the Azerbaijan Ministry of Health and the World Bank launched the 6-year Health Sector Reform Project (HSRP). The principal goal of the Project is to prepare and implement a fundamental and comprehensive reform of the health system in Azerbaijan, including a major emphasis on strengthening the primary care system (Ministry of Health Project Implementation Unit, 2007). The project envisions the development of a new optimised system of services, with the integration of mental health into general healthcare. In the line of this process, the Public Health and Reform Centre (PHRC) of the Ministry of Health has developed evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on depression, for implementation within primary care (Ministry of Health, 2009). At the same time, representatives from the PHRC and the Departments of Psychiatry and Family Medicine of Azerbaijan Medical University, as well as the State Institute for Advanced Training of Physicians (in cooperation with the World Health Organization Country Office), formed a task force to carry out a survey to assess the need for education in mental health for primary care doctors. A total of 308 primary care doctors (see Table 1) working in 14 settings in different regions of the country were randomly selected and interviewed by the research team.