The CO-releasing molecule CORM-3 protects adult cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-reoxygenation by modulating pH restoration

Abstract

Several studies have reported that CORM-3, a water-soluble carbon monoxide releasing molecule, elicits cardioprotection against myocardial infarction but the mechanism remains to be investigated. Numerous reports indicate that inhibition of pH regulators, the Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger (NHE) and Na⁺/HCO₃^- symporter (NBC), protect cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by delaying the intracellular pH (pHi) recovery at reperfusion. Our goal was to explore whether CORM-3-mediated cytoprotection involves the modulation of pH regulation. When added at reoxygenation, CORM-3 (50 μM) reduced the mortality of cardiomyocytes exposed to 3 h of hypoxia and 2 h of reoxygenation in HCO₃^--buffered solution. This effect was lost when using inactive iCORM-3, which is depleted of CO and used as control, thus implicating CO as the mediator of this cardioprotection. Interestingly, the cardioprotective effect of CORM-3 was abolished by switching to a bicarbonate-free medium. This effect of CORM-3 was also inhibited by 5-hydroxydecanoate, a mitochondrial ATP-dependent K⁺ (mK_ATP) channel inhibitor (500 μM) or PD098059, a MEK1/2 inhibitor (10 μM). In additional experiments and in the absence of hypoxia-reoxygenation, intracellular pH was monitored in cardiomyocytes exposed to cariporide to block NHE activity. CORM-3 inhibited alkalinisation and this effect was blocked by PD098059 and 5-HD. In conclusion, CORM-3 protects the cardiomyocyte against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury by inhibiting a bicarbonate transporter at reoxygenation, probably the Na⁺/HCO₃^- symporter. This cardioprotective effect of CORM-3 requires the activation of mK_ATP channels and the activation of MEK1/2.

Keywords: Carbon monoxide; Cardiomyocytes; Hypoxia-reoxygenation; pH.